Carlo Nicolini
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Science and math

In this collection of articles I’m trying to answer some of the questions that arise in doing science, math and programming.

Posts are grouped by theme. Open a theme for a compact list (date + title), or use search to find a topic across the whole site.

Language physics

PLP, inference-time steering, energy-based views of LLMs.

Complex networks

Models, spectra, community structure.

Statistical learning

Classical ML, probability, linear algebra, short tutorials.

  • 2026-04-14 Agentic Soft Logical Circuits: from ReAct Chains to Structured Variational Inference
  • 2026-04-13 The continuous Sheffer stroke is all you need
  • 2026-04-09 Interpretations for the Kullback-Leibler divergence, or relative entropy
  • 2026-04-05 From hard to soft operators: between machine learning and statistical physics
  • 2026-04-04 Random rooted trees, continuation free energy, and the Diligent Learner
  • 2026-04-03 MellowMax, Doob's h-transform, and the intensive geometry of tool-use agents
  • 2026-04-03 Recursive decomposition with a continuation policy
  • 2026-04-03 Short-prefix soft values: a null result

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Personal blog about artificial intelligence, coding, statistical physics, network theory and science in general